![]() ![]() Particles in a solid are tightly packed together and often arranged in a regular pattern in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement.Note that we will use the popular phrase “intermolecular attraction” to refer to attractive forces between the particles of a substance, regardless of whether these particles are molecules, atoms, or ions.Ĭonsider these two aspects of the molecular-level environments in solid, liquid, and gaseous matter: In the following description, the term particle will be used to refer to an atom, molecule, or ion. Explain the relation between the intermolecular forces present within a substance and the temperatures associated with changes in its physical stateĪs was the case for gaseous substances, the kinetic molecular theory may be used to explain the behavior of solids and liquids.Identify the types of intermolecular forces experienced by specific molecules based on their structures.Describe the types of intermolecular forces possible between atoms or molecules in condensed phases (dispersion forces, dipole-dipole attractions, and hydrogen bonding).Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination CompoundsĪldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Estersīy the end of this section, you will be able to: Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their CompoundsĬoordination Chemistry of Transition Metals Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals ![]() Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law Periodic Variations in Element Properties Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Resultsĭetermining Empirical and Molecular FormulasĮlectronic Structure and Periodic Properties of ElementsĮlectronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations) Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
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