![]() The Duke had a powerful ally in Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick, and together with their armies, the two of them marched into London to overthrow the mad King Henry. It was under these circumstances that Richard, Duke of York, a descendant of Edward III’s fourth son, Edmund of Langley, staked his claim to the throne. He often succumbed to bouts of insanity, and failed to recognise his son, Prince Edward, who was born in 1453. Not only was he a weak and ineffective leader, but Henry VI also displayed many signs of mental illness. Throughout the new King Henry’s minority, England was controlled by regents, and even as an adult, the King was in no state to rule. Unfortunately, Henry V died of dysentery in 1422, leaving his nine month-old son, Henry VI, to rule the country. Henry IV was succeeded by his son, another Henry, who strengthened the Lancastrian hold on the throne through spectacular victories in the Hundred Years War again France. The new King was the son of John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster and the third son of the late King Edward. In 1399 he was deposed by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, who ruled as Henry IV. However, although the beginning of his reign had been marked by hope and prosperity, Richard grew increasingly unpopular. When King Edward III died in 1377, he was succeeded by his grandson, Richard II. However, it wasn’t until the 15th century, during the period of conflict between the Houses of York and Lancaster, that the Rose rose to prominence as the floral badge of England. Eleanor used the golden rose of Provence as her badge while she was Queen Consort, and the emblem was later adopted by her son, Edward I. Our story begins in the 13th century, when the rose was introduced in England as a royal emblem by Eleanor of Provence, the wife of King Henry III.
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